IRIX 6.4 Applications 1997 August

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ IRIX 6.4 Applications 1997 August / SGI IRIX 6.4 Applications 1997 August.iso / dist / mmailp.idb / usr / lib / Zmail / bindkey.hlp.z / bindkey.hlp

Wrap

Text File | 1997-01-22 | 43.9 KB | 1,019 lines

CUSTOMIZING Z-MAIL LITE KEYBINDINGS ----------------------------------- In Z-Mail Lite, the action taken when a key is pressed is determined by that key's *binding*. For instance, the binding for <ctrl+L> is `redraw', an action which erases and redraws the entire screen. The effective keybindings vary according to context. For instance, in a list, pressing <space> selects an item in the list. However, in an editable text area, pressing <space> inserts a blank space, just as you'd expect. And in a read-only text area, <space> scrolls to the next page of the document. In order to permit different bindings for different contexts, each area that can have the input focus belongs to a *class* which describes all the areas that share a common behavior. For instance, the message summaries in the main screen and the list of files in a filefinder dialog both belong to the `List' class, in which pressing <space> means to select an item. Most classes are *subclasses* of other classes. For instance, `Text' is a subclass of `Widget', and we say `Widget' is the *superclass* of `Text'. While `Text' describes behavior that is specific to how text works---for instance, <ctrl+A> moves to the beginning of a line---`Widget' describes behavior that is more general. For instance, `Widget' says that <ctrl+X w> should show info on the current area. Since Text is a subclass of Widget, <ctrl+X w> works in texts. List is also a subclass of Widget, so <ctrl+X w> works in lists, too. To summarize: a subclass behaves like its superclass, then adds more specific behavior. We say a subclass *inherits* behavior from its superclass. THE BINDKEY COMMAND ------------------- The `bindkey' command is used to create a keybinding; that is, to *bind* a key to an action. The actions available depend on the context of the keybinding. Here is an example. bindkey -c Text \<ctrl+A> text-select-all This command says that in areas belonging to class `Text', the keystroke <ctrl+A> should perform the `text-select-all' action, which causes all the text to become selected. It would not have been possible to write bindkey -c List \<ctrl+A> text-select-all # Won't work! because `text-select-all' is a `Text'-class action, not a `List'-class action. (A table showing each class's available actions appears below.) Because `Text' is a subclass of `Widget', it *is* possible to bind `Widget'-class actions in `Text' contexts: bindkey -c Text \<ctrl+I> widget-info This command says that in `Text' areas, <ctrl+I> should give info on the selected area, just like <ctrl+X w> does elsewhere. The <ctrl+I> *binding* is specific to Text areas, though the `widget-info' *action* is not. Areas that can have the input focus are frequently *contained* within other areas (which themselves may be contained within still other areas). For instance, the list of message summaries is contained within the main screen, which belongs to the class `Main' and can therefore have its own keybindings. Here is an example. bindkey -c Main \<ctrl+S> goto-main-summaries This means that when <ctrl+S> is pressed anywhere in the main screen, the focus will move to the message summaries list. The focus must be in some area contained within the main screen for this to work. However, that area may have its own binding for <ctrl+S>. If it does, then that more-specific binding will be used, and not the main screen's <ctrl+S> binding. If there is an unwanted keybinding in a smaller context which is preventing the preferred keybinding in a larger context from being used, you may remove it with "unbindkey". For example, Z-Mail Lite includes this keybinding for the Main screen: bindkey -c Main q zscript quipt but this won't work in the message summaries list, since in that context, q is bound to `list-jump-to'. Remedy the situation with: unbindkey main-summaries q To summarize: Keys can be bound in areas that contain other areas, but bindings for smaller areas are used before bindings for surrounding areas are checked. We say the keystroke *propagates* outward, searching for an area to handle it. There is one "outermost" container in Z-Mail Lite which conceptually "contains" the entire screen. It belongs to a class called `Zmliteapp'. All areas are ultimately contained within the `Zmliteapp' container. For example, the message summaries list is contained within the main screen, and the main screen is contained within the `Zmliteapp' area. If a key is pressed in the message summaries, and the message summaries has no binding for it, then the main screen's bindings are checked. If the main screen has no binding for it, then the `Zmliteapp' container is checked. This is where the binding for <ctrl+L> lives, for example: bindkey -c Zmliteapp \<ctrl+L> redraw No matter where <ctrl+L> is pressed, if no area has bound it to some other action, the keystroke will ultimately find its way to the encompassing `Zmliteapp' and redraw the screen. A keybinding may be longer than a single keystroke; in fact, Z-Mail Lite has many two-keystroke bindings. For instance, <ctrl+X ctrl+N> is an alternative way to "tab" from one field to the next. If a two-keystroke sequence is bound, it is not possible to bind the sequence's first key to something else without losing the two-keystroke sequence. For instance, since <ctrl+X ctrl+N> means "tab to the next area", it is not possible to also make <ctrl+X> mean "exit the application" (say). The reason is that when <ctrl+X> is pressed, Z-Mail Lite must be able to know whether to await more keypresses, or whether to execute the action for <ctrl+X>. If you do re-bind a key or keysequence that is a prefix for other, longer sequences, those longer sequences will be deleted. Generally speaking, Z-Mail Lite only uses <ESC> and <ctrl+X> as prefixes for multi-keystroke bindings. Many areas in Z-Mail Lite have *names* so that they can be distinguished from other areas in the same class. For instance, the row of buttons at the bottom of the Keybinding dialog (which appears when <ESC k> is pressed) belongs to the class `ActionArea'. This is the same class that contains the row of buttons that appears at the bottom of the "Open Folder ..." dialog. It would be wrong to try: bindkey -c ActionArea S buttonpanel-invoke "Save" # Wrong because that means "in all `ActionAreas', <S> should press the Save button"; however, most `ActionAreas' have no Save button. It would be right to use: bindkey help-aa S buttonpanel-invoke "Save" because help-aa is the name of the specific `ActionArea' that appears in the Keybinding dialog. Note that when an *area's* name is used instead of a *class's* name, the "-c" is omitted from the `bindkey' command. "-c" means "class". ADDITIONAL BINDKEY ARGUMENTS ---------------------------- The full syntax for the bindkey command is bindkey [-l LABEL] [-d DOC] [-c] CLASS/NAME SEQUENCE ACTION [ARGUMENT] where CLASS/NAME is either the class in which to bind a keysequence (when "-c" is given) or the name of an area in which to bind a keysequence (when "-c" is omitted); SEQUENCE is the keysequence to bind; ACTION is the name of the action to bind the keysequence to; and ARGUMENT is optional additional information required by certain actions (see below). If `-l LABEL' is given, and SEQUENCE is one of \<f1> through \<f8>, then when this keybinding is in effect, LABEL will appear at the bottom of the screen in the appropriate "function key label" position. If `-d DOC' is given, then DOC, which should be a brief documentation string, will appear in the keybinding dialog to describe this keybinding. The keybinding dialog can be seen by pressing `esc k'. NAMING KEYS ----------- A key name in the SEQUENCE argument may be a single character, a CTRL-character or ESC-character combination, or any of the keystrokes listed below. Single characters are case-sensitive, so you may bind one action to "J" and another action in the same context to "j". If you specify either the backslash (\) or caret (^) characters, you must precede them with a backslash, as in \\ and \^. CTRL-character combinations can be written as \<ctrl+X> or \<c-X>, where X is any letter or one of these symbols: [ \ ] ^ _ CTRL-characters are not case-sensitive, so CTRL+X is the same as CTRL+x. Other CTRL-character pairings (such as CTRL+TAB or CTRL+2) are not permitted. Many other characters and keys have special names and some have multiple synonyms: ^X CTRL+X (X may be any letter or [,\,],^, or _) \<nul> the NUL character (ASCII 0) \t or \<tab> the TAB character (ASCII 9) \n or \<newline> the NEWLINE character (ASCII 10) \r or \<return> the CARRIAGE RETURN character (ASCII 13) ^[ or \e or \<esc> the ESCAPE character (ASCII 27) ^\ ASCII 28 ^] ASCII 29 ^^ ASCII 30 ^_ ASCII 31 \<space> the SPACE character (ASCII 32), this can also be written as a blank space, but it must be quoted. ^? or \<del> delete (ASCII 127) \<down> the down-arrow key \<up> the up-arrow key \<left> the left-arrow key \<right> the right-arrow key \<insert> the insert key \<delete> the delete key \<home> the home key \<end> the end key \<pageup> the page-up key \<pagedown> the page-down key \<fN> function key number N (e.g. \<f3>). \octal-num a three-digit byte value in octal notation (for instance, \033 for the ESCAPE character) To write multi-keystroke keysequences, simply string the key names together. Example: bindkey -c App \<ctrl+X>\<ctrl+P> focus-previous CLASSES ------- Here are the Z-Mail Lite bindkey classes. Indentation shows inheritance. Each class's actions, if any, are listed under the class name and description. Default keybindings in Z-Mail Lite are listed in square-brackets, in abbreviated notation, in the right margin. * Widget A superclass for all areas. Everything is a Widget. do-sequence A special action that uses extra information to invoke *other* actions in other areas. Refer to the section on `do-sequence', below. widget-info Report the name and class of the current area and its primary container. ** App A very generic class describing an application. focus-next "Tab" to next area. [tab] focus-previous "Tab" to the previous area. [c-x c-p] *** Cursesapp A full-screen application that uses "curses" for display. redraw Erase the screen and redraw it. [c-l] **** Zmliteapp The Z-Mail Lite application, which is a full-screen application based on curses. show-keys Bring up the keybinding dialog. [esc k] ** Buttonpanel Any area that contains one or more buttons. buttonpanel-click Activate the selected button. [space] buttonpanel-down Move the cursor down. [c-n] buttonpanel-first Move to the first button. [esc <] buttonpanel-invoke Invoke a button by name. buttonpanel-jump-to Jump to the next button whose label begins with the letter or number that invoked this action. buttonpanel-last Move to the last button. [esc >] buttonpanel-left Move the cursor left. [c-b] buttonpanel-next-page Show the next pageful of buttons [c-v] (for scrolling Buttonpanels). buttonpanel-previous-page Show the previous pageful of [esc v] buttons. buttonpanel-right Move the cursor right. [c-f] buttonpanel-scroll-down Scroll the buttons downward (for [esc q] scrolling Buttonpanels). buttonpanel-scroll-up Scroll the buttons upward. [esc z] buttonpanel-up Move the cursor up. [c-p] *** ActionArea A Buttonpanel that appears at the bottom of a Dialog, where the dialog's actions are provided. *** Menu All menus. menu-cancel Dismiss the current menu. menu-cancel-all Dismiss all pending menus. [tab] menu-down Move the cursor down. [c-n] menu-left Move the cursor left. [c-b] menu-right Move the cursor right. [c-f] menu-search Like buttonpanel-jump-to, but if the result is a submenu, the submenu is opened. menu-up Move the cursor up. [c-p] **** PullrightMenu All pull-right menus. *** Radiogroup A Buttonpanel consisting solely of toggle buttons, of which at most one can be "on." *** Togglegroup A Buttonpanel consisting solely of toggle buttons, of which any number may be "on." ** Dialog All full-screen or popup dialogs. dialog-cancel Cancel the dialog. [esc esc] dialog-close Close the dialog without canceling. goto-action-area Move the input focus to the dialog's [esc a] ActionArea, if it has one. pick-action-area Invoke a button in the dialog's action area by name. show-help Bring up a Help Index dialog. [f1] zscript Execute a Z-Script command. zscript-prompt Present a Z-Script prompt. [esc :] *** Popup All popup (i.e. non-full-screen) dialogs. **** Ask All Popup dialogs that ask a question. ***** FileAsk All Ask dialogs that ask for a filename. ****** AddfolderAsk A FileAsk dialog that asks for the name of a folder to open. ****** NewfolderAsk A FileAsk dialog that asks for the name of a folder to create. ****** RenamefolderAsk A FileAsk dialog that asks for a folder to rename. ***** InputAsk An Ask dialog that asks for a response to be typed in. ****** AddressAsk An InputAsk dialog that asks for an e-mail address to be typed in. ****** CommandAsk An InputAsk dialog that asks for a Z-Script command to be typed in. ***** ListAsk An Ask dialog that asks the user to select an item from a list. ***** MsgAsk An Ask dialog that asks the user to select a message from a list of message summaries. **** Attachlist A Popup dialog that lists the attachments for the current message or composition. ***** ComposeAttachlist The Attachlist dialog for the Compose screen. ***** MessageAttachlist The Attachlist dialog for the Message screen. **** Attachtype The Popup dialog in which the user chooses an attachment's type and encoding. **** Choosealias The Popup dialog available in the Compose screen from which the user may choose aliases for addressing the current composition. **** Compoptions The Popup dialog containing the options for the current composition. **** Datesearch The Popup dialog for searching messages by date. **** Dynamicheaders The Popup dialog in which the user sets the values of any dynamic headers. **** Helpindex The help index dialog. **** MenuPopup All Popup dialogs that have their own menubars. cancel-menu Return from the menubar. [esc esc] goto-menu Jump to the menubar. [esc /] pick-menu Invoke a menu item by name. See the section on `pick-menu', below. ***** Addrbrowse All address browsing dialogs. ****** ComposeAddrbrowse The address browsing dialog that appears in the Compose screen. ***** Help The ordinary help dialog. ***** Pager The "text pager" dialog. **** Multikey The multikey dialog. **** Notifier All dialogs that present "Yes/No", "Ok/Cancel", and similar options. **** Patternsearch The Popup dialog for searching messages by text pattern. **** Print The Popup dialog for printing messages. **** Sort The custom sort dialog. **** Templates The Popup dialog for selecting a template with which to initiate a composition. **** Textsearch The Popup dialog for searching a single body of text, and for performing replacements and spell-checking. ***** TextsearchReplace The Textsearch dialog that also includes replacing and spell-checking. **** Xface The Popup dialog for displaying a crude ASCII rendering of the current message's X-Face header, if any. *** Screen All full-screen dialogs. goto-main Switch to the Main Screen. [esc m] next-screen Switch to the next screen. [esc n] other-screen Switch between two most recent [esc o] screens. previous-screen Switch to the previous screen. [esc p] **** Aliases The aliases screen ("dialog aliases"). **** Envelope The envelope screen ("dialog envelope"). **** Headers The headers screen ("dialog headers"). **** MenuScreen All Screens having a menubar. cancel-menu Return from the menubar. [esc esc] goto-menu Jump to the menubar. [esc /] pick-menu Invoke a menu item by name. See the section on `pick-menu', below. ***** Compose The compose screen. goto-bcc-header Move to the Bcc header. goto-body Move to the message body. goto-cc-header Move to the Cc header. goto-subject-header Move to the Subject header. goto-to-header Move to the To header. ***** Main The main screen. goto-main-summaries Move to the message summaries. main-zscript-prompt [esc :] Move to the Command field, or if that's not visible, present a Z-Script prompt. ***** Message The message-reading screen. message-next-page-or-message [space] Show the next pageful of text, or move to the next message if at the end of the current message. message-showface [c-x f] Pop up a crude ASCII rendering of the current message's X-Face header, if any. **** Vars The variables screen ("dialog variables"). ** Filebox A container holding both the list of files *and* the text entry area in all file finders. filebox-down With the cursor in the text entry [c-n] area, move the selection down in the file list. filebox-next-page With the cursor in the text entry [c-v] area, show the next pageful in the file list. filebox-previous-page With the cursor in the text entry [esc v] area, show the previous pageful in the file list. filebox-up With the cursor in the text entry [c-p] area, move the selection up in the file list. ** List All lists. list-backward-char Move the cursor backward one [c-b] character. list-beginning-of-line Move the cursor to the beginning of [c-a] the line. list-click "Click" (select) the list item at [space] the cursor location. list-click-line "Click" a list item by number. See example below. list-controlclick Behave like Motif CTRL+click; toggle [.] selection of the list item at the cursor location. list-doubleclick Behave like Motif doubleclick; [enter] select and activate the list item at the cursor location. Executing list-click twice, rapidly, has the same effect. list-down Move the cursor down. [c-n] list-end-of-line Move the cursor to the end of the [c-e] line. list-first Move to the first list item. [esc <] list-forward-char Move the cursor forward one [c-f] character. list-jump-to Jump to the next list item that begins with the letter or number that invoked this action. list-last Move to the last list item. [esc >] list-next-page Show the next pageful. [c-v] list-previous-page Show the previous pageful. [esc v] list-scroll-down Scroll down one line. [c-n] list-scroll-up Scroll up one line. [c-p] list-shiftclick Behave like Motif SHIFT+click; [>] extend selection to cursor location. list-up Move the cursor up. [c-p] *** FileList All lists of filenames. *** FolderStatusList All lists of active folders. *** MessageSummaries All lists of message summaries. ** Taskmeter The taskmeter. taskmeter-interrupt Interrupt a task. [space] ** Text All text areas. text-backward-char Move backward one character. [c-b] text-backward-word Move backward one word. [esc b] text-beginning Move to the beginning of text. [esc <] text-beginning-of-line Move to the beginning of the line. [c-a] text-copy-selection Copy the selected text to the [esc w] clipboard. text-deselect Deselect the selected text. [esc C] text-end Move to the end of text. [esc >] text-end-of-line Move to the end of the line. [c-e] text-forward-char Move forward one character. [c-f] text-forward-word Move forward one word. [esc f] text-next-line Move to the next line. [c-n] text-next-page Show the next pageful of text. [c-v] text-previous-line Move to the previous line. [c-p] text-previous-page Show the previous pageful of text. [esc v] text-resume-selecting Resume selecting text. [esc r] text-scroll-down Scroll down one line. [esc q] text-scroll-up Scroll up one line. [esc z] text-select-all Select all text. text-start-selecting Start selecting text. [esc s] text-stop-selecting Stop selecting text. [esc e] text-toggle-wrap Toggle wrapping of long lines. [W] *** EditText All editable text areas. text-clear-selection Delete the selected text. text-cut-selection Cut the selected text to the [c-w] clipboard. text-delete-backward-char Delete one character backward. [backspace] text-delete-backward-word Delete one word backward. [esc backspace] text-delete-forward-char Delete one character forward. [c-d] text-delete-forward-word Delete one word forward. [esc d] text-delete-to-beginning-of-line [c-u] Delete from cursor to beginning of line. text-delete-to-end-of-line [c-k] Delete from cursor to end of line. text-insert Insert specified text. See example below. text-open-line Open a new line ahead of the cursor. [c-o] text-paste Insert the contents of the [c-y] clipboard. text-self-insert Insert the key just typed. **** Inputfield All one-line text entry areas. inputfield-accept Accept current contents of the area. [enter] ***** Commandfield All Z-Script text entry areas. command-accept Accept contents of the area and [enter] execute as a Z-Script command. command-history-backward [c-p] Move backward through history list. command-history-forward [c-n] Move forward through history list. BINDKEY USAGE EXAMPLES ---------------------- Here are some simple examples of "bindkey" usage. bindkey -c EditText ^W text-delete-backward-word This command causes <ctrl+W> to behave in editable texts the way it does in many shells; that is, it deletes one word to the left. bindkey -c Menu \<esc> menu-cancel This command causes the Escape key to cancel a single menu level instead of canceling all pending menus. bindkey -c EditText ^U do-sequence '!* text-end-of-line !* text-delete-to-beginning-of-line' This command causes <ctrl+U> to delete an entire line in editable texts. By default, <ctrl+U> only deletes from the cursor position leftward, leaving any text to the right of the cursor untouched. ACTIONS THAT TAKE ADDITIONAL ARGUMENTS -------------------------------------- Certain actions to which you can bind keystrokes require additional arguments specifying what to do. * Widget do-sequence This action is used to perform one or more actions in areas that may not be the same as the one where the keysequence was pressed. Example: bindkey -c Inputfield ^N do-sequence 'zmlite focus-next' This command makes <ctrl+N> "tab out" of one-line text entry areas (`Inputfields'). To "tab" out of an area requires the action `focus-next', but `focus-next' is not an action understood by `Inputfield'-class areas. Instead, `do-sequence' is used to perform the `focus-next' action in the area named `zmlite', which is a name for the enclosing `Zmliteapp' container. The additional argument to do-sequence takes the form: NAME ACTION [ARGUMENT] and must be surrounded by quotation marks. NAME is the name of an area; it may *not* be a classname. ACTION is the name of an action that can be performed in the area named NAME; and ARGUMENT is any additional argument required by ACTION. The special name `*' in this context means "the area in which the keysequence was pressed". You may use the quoted argument to specify more than one action to perform. Each action is written as NAME ACTION [ARGUMENT] and is separated from the following action by any single character not appearing elsewhere in the command; an exclamation point (`!') is a popular character to use. Finally, the first character must be the separator character that you intend to use. Here's the <ctrl+U> example from earlier in this document: bindkey -c EditText ^U do-sequence '!* text-end-of-line !* text-delete-to-beginning-of-line' The first `!' introduces the separator character. The `*' means "the area where this action was invoked." The first action to perform is `text-end-of-line'. The next `!' introduces a second action, which also applies to the area where the keysequence was pressed (`*'); and the action to perform is `text-delete-to-beginning-of-line'. ** Buttonpanel buttonpanel-invoke This action causes a button in the affected buttonpanel to be pressed. The additional argument required is the name of the button to press. Example: bindkey pager-aa D buttonpanel-invoke 'Done' ** Dialog pick-action-area This action is like `buttonpanel-invoke', but it's used in a `Dialog' context and refers to the buttons in the `ActionArea' at the bottom of the dialog, if there are any. The preceding example is exactly equivalent to: bindkey -c Pager pick-action-area 'Done' zscript This action allows a keybinding to initiate any Z-Script command. The additional argument is the Z-Script to execute. Example: bindkey -c Main \<f8> zscript "quit" **** MenuPopup **** MenuScreen pick-menu This action allows a menu item to be invoked from any dialog that has a menubar. The additional argument required is the name of the menu item to invoke. The name is constructed as follows: Start at the menubar; write the name of each menu item in the path to the desired item, separating each with a period (`.'); and eliminate spaces and punctuation. Case is not significant in the menu-item name. So, for example, to make `I' find the "next reference by message ID" using the Main screen menus, you would write bindkey main I pick-menu find.nextReferenceBy.messageID ** List list-click-line This action allows you to click an item by its position in the list, starting at 1. The additional argument required is the number of the item to click. *** EditText text-insert This action allows you to insert a prearranged string into text. For example, to make `esc S' "sign my name", I could write: bindkey -c EditText \eS text-insert 'Bob Glickstein' NAMED AREAS ----------- This is a list of all the areas in Z-Mail Lite that have individual names. The class of each area appears in parentheses. In some cases, a particular area may belong to one of two different classes depending on where it appears. For example, `addrbrowse' is the name of the Address Browser dialog, which normally belongs to the class `Addrbrowse', but which belongs to the class `ComposeAddrbrowse' when invoked from the Compose screen. No descriptions are given for the names in this list. Instead, you may locate these areas by navigating in Z-Mail Lite and by using `ctrl+X w' (`widget-info') and `esc k' (`show-keys'), both of which give the name and class of the current area and its container(s). addrbrowse (Addrbrowse *or* ComposeAddrbrowse) addrbrowse-aa (ActionArea) addrbrowse-display-rg (Radiogroup) addrbrowse-matches (List) addrbrowse-pattern-field (Inputfield) addrbrowse-recalls-field (Inputfield) alias-address-field (Inputfield) alias-name-field (Inputfield) aliases (Aliases) aliases-aa (ActionArea) aliases-list (List) aliases-options-tg (Togglegroup) ask (Ask) ask-aa (ActionArea) ask-choices (List) ask-command-field (Commandfield) ask-filename-field (Inputfield) ask-fl (FileList) ask-input-field (Inputfield) ask-mkdir-mkfolder-rg (Radiogroup) ask-newname-field (Inputfield) ask-read-onlyness-rg (Radiogroup) ask-summaries (MessageSummaries) attach (ComposeAttachlist *or* MessageAttachlist) attach-aa (ActionArea) attach-comment (Inputfield) attach-encoding-menu (Menu) attach-encoding-pullright (PullrightMenu) attach-list (List) attach-type-menu (Menu) attach-type-pullright (PullrightMenu) attachtype (Attachtype) attachtype-aa (ActionArea) available-headers-list (List) bcc-header-field (Inputfield) cc-header-field (Inputfield) choosealiases (Choosealias) choosealiases-aa (ActionArea) choosealiases-list (List) command-field (Inputfield) compoptions (Compoptions) compoptions-aa (ActionArea) compoptions-log-field (Inputfield) compoptions-record-field (Inputfield) compoptions-log-tg (Togglegroup) compoptions-options-tg (Togglegroup) compoptions-record-tg (Togglegroup) compose (Compose) compose-aa (ActionArea) compose-body (EditText) compose-messages-field (Inputfield) date1-field (Inputfield) date2-field (Inputfield) datesearch (Datesearch) datesearch-aa (ActionArea) datesearch-function-list (List) datesearch-messages-field (Inputfield) datesearch-options-tg (Togglegroup) datesearch-searchtype-rg (Radiogroup) dynamic-bcc-header-field (Inputfield) dynamic-cc-header-field (Inputfield) dynamic-subject-header-field (Inputfield) dynamic-to-header-field (Inputfield) dynamicheaders (Dynamicheaders) dynamicheaders-aa (ActionArea) dynamicheaders-menu (Menu) envelope (Envelope) envelope-aa (ActionArea) envelope-header-contents-field (Inputfield) envelope-header-name-field (Inputfield) envelope-headers-list (List) header-name-field (Inputfield) header-settings-list (List) headers (Headers) headers-aa (ActionArea) help (Help) help-aa (ActionArea) help-text (Text) helpindex (Helpindex) helpindex-aa (ActionArea) helpindex-text (Text) helpindex-topic-list (List) helpindex-topic-rg (Radiogroup) keyname-field (Inputfield) keynames-list (List) main (Main) main-aa (ActionArea) main-folder-field (Inputfield) main-folder-list (FolderStatusList) main-messages-field (Inputfield) main-summaries (MessageSummaries) message (Message) message-aa (ActionArea) message-body (Text) message-messages-field (Inputfield) multikey (Multikey) multikey-aa (ActionArea) output-text (Text) pager (Pager) pager-aa (ActionArea) pager-text (Text) patternsearch (Patternsearch) patternsearch-aa (ActionArea) patternsearch-function-list (List) patternsearch-messages-field (Inputfield) patternsearch-options-tg (Togglegroup) print (Print) print-aa (ActionArea) print-command-field (Inputfield) print-headers-rg (Radiogroup) print-messages-field (Inputfield) printer-list (List) show-which-headers-rg (Radiogroup) sort (Sort) sort-aa (ActionArea) sort-by-tg (Togglegroup) sort-options-tg (Togglegroup) sort-reverse-tg (Togglegroup) subject-header-field (Inputfield) taskmeter (Taskmeter) template-list (List) templates (Templates) templates-aa (ActionArea) textsearch (Textsearch or TextsearchReplace) textsearch-aa (ActionArea) textsearch-pattern-field (Inputfield) textsearch-replacement-field (Inputfield) textsearch-text (Text *or* EditText) textsearch-word-list (List) to-header-field (Inputfield) variable-description (Text) variable-list (List) variable-multivalue-tg (Togglegroup) variable-onoff-btnpanel (Buttonpanel) variable-value-field (Inputfield) variables (Vars) variables-aa (ActionArea) zmlite (Zmliteapp) ANSWERS TO FREQUENTLY-ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT "bindkey" ----------------------------------------------------- Q: What is the difference between an area's name and its class? A: An area's class is the category to which it belongs, the same way the word "sedan" is a category for many different particular cars. An area's name is a way to identify that one particular area among the others in the same class, the same way "Oldsmobile Cutlass" is a name for a particular sedan. Q: Why do keybindings beginning with `esc' only sometimes work when I press them? A: A common error when using the Escape key is to use it like the Control key. The Control key must be held down while pressing another key; in that respect, it is like the Shift key. The Escape key, however, is more like a letter key, in that you must press and release it before pressing the next key. If you hold down the Escape key, it will begin to repeat just like a letter key does. The result is that Z-Mail Lite will attempt to interpret a string of many `esc' keypresses, which will usually be meaningless. Q: Why do many classes have no actions associated with them? A: Such classes inherit actions from their superclasses, and they exist so that keybindings can be made in contexts that are specific enough. For instance, the following keybinding for `<' moves up one directory level in a Filelist: bindkey -c Filelist '<' do-sequence '!* list-first !* list-doubleclick' Although Filelist has no actions associated with it, it would be wrong to use bindkey -c List '<' do-sequence '!* list-first !* list-doubleclick' because, in lists that are not `Filelists'---for example, in a list of message summaries---, it is meaningless to try to move up a directory level. Q: Is this anything like "object-oriented"? A: Yes. Classes inherit from one another just like in so-called object-oriented design. An area is an "instance" of the class to which it belongs. The actions for each class can be considered its "methods".